Regression

這篇 NYT 文章是否錯誤地假設了獨立增量?

  • March 26, 2017

該文章為每 100 名使用某種避孕方法的女性繪製了一段時間內的意外懷孕次數。

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/09/14/sunday-review/unplanned-pregnancies.html?_r=0

特別是在文章的結尾,他們說:

數字計算如下:

事實上,避孕的成功率是第 1 年未懷孕的概率。參見例如 https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/contraceptive_methods_508.pdf

如果一年內懷孕的概率與前一年無關,這是正確的,但似乎不太可能是正確的。避孕方法用錯了,第一年可能會出問題,如果不避孕,那麼後年可能就不會出問題了?

抱歉,我不能同意獨立性假設。女性的生育能力,即使沒有避孕也是年齡的函數,因此,如果沒有避孕

沒有IVF(體外受精)懷孕的機會

Starting at about age 32, a woman’s chances of conceiving decrease gradually but significantly.
From age 35, the fertility decline speeds up.
By age 40, fertility has fallen by half.
At 30, the chance of conceiving each month is about 20%. At 40 it’s around 5%.
Note (mine) after age ~49 menopause occurs and when it does, women are infertile.

懷孕率也是性交頻率的函數,這也隨年齡而變化:

About 5% of single women between the ages of 18 and 24 had sex 4 or more times per week, but 24% of married women did.
Like the men, just under half of the women between the ages of 25 and 59 had sex a few times per month to weekly, more than their single and partnered peers.
Sexual frequency did decrease with age for women, although almost a quarter of partnered women over age 70 had sex more than 4 times a week.

排卵、性交和女性年齡的相對時間:在此處輸入圖像描述

最後,要考慮按年計算避孕的有效性,人們不僅必須考慮生育能力的下降和可變性,而且通常會隨著年齡的增長而降低性頻率,而且還可能還有無數其他因素。例如,產後女性的百分比隨著年齡的增長而增加,產後女性的避孕效果可能與性交時與排卵時伴侶的未生育年齡不同,參見圖片:在此處輸入圖像描述

與排卵相關的性交時間對生育能力有巨大影響,即使考慮到其他因素,如避孕,也反映了懷孕的可能性。因此,依靠節律法以及一種或多種其他避孕方法的女性,即既了解自己的身體功能並使用該知識(並且隨著知識的獲得)的女性最終可能會越來越有效避免懷孕的工作,這樣隨著年齡的增長,基本上沒有機會獨立生育。

引用自:https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/269905

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